Beyond Feelings: Thinking Critically
Thinking is what everyone does all the time, your work, your life, everything you need to think about.
Some people think more deeply and think beyond your feelings, while some people think shallowly and rely solely on feelings. Here we present the topic of critical thinking. First, we need to think: Why critical thinking?
Beyond Feelings: Thinking Critically
We often talk about three views, outlook on life, world outlook, and values. How did these "three views" come into being? Where do our opinions and preferences come from?
The concept of marriage has changed from "matchmaker's words" to "free love" to "blind date culture", women from "three obedience and four virtues" to "independence", and advocated personality from "modesty and low-key" to "confidence and publicity" and so on. We can see that in different regions and times, concepts are always changing, and in specific times and regions, they are all taken for granted and absolutely correct.
So none of us can escape the influence of times, regions, cultures, mainstream thoughts, business manipulation, and so on. Especially in today's society, with the explosion of information, it is too easy for us to get a lot of information from all directions and be affected.
So how to rationally screen information and judge information, instead of blindly accepting and blindly obeying, and becoming a "leek" requires the use of "critical thinking". It is a pity that very few schools teach what "critical thinking" is and how to "critically think".
So what is critical thinking? What isn't it? Beyond feeling, first distinguish between "I feel" and "I think". Thinking and feeling are the same thing in most people's lives, and "I feel" and "I think" are used interchangeably.
However, feeling and thinking are two different things. Feelings are spontaneously generated subjective reactions including emotions, emotions and desires, usually unconsciously generated, directly giving judgments and conclusions, such as happiness, liking, disgust, anger, etc. Thinking is the conscious process used to gain understanding, solve problems, and make decisions.
The essence of thinking is to find answers, to explore, rather than to make judgments directly. Between phenomena and judgments, there is one more procedure for thinking.
Beyond Feelings: Thinking Critically
For example, when someone scolds you, you will immediately feel angry, and you will often become overheated and do things that you will regret later. For example, when you encounter "Double Eleven" and "Double Twelve", you will not be able to bear the price of the exciting things when you see them. I placed an order, but found that many things were not used at all when I got it.
It is worth noting that the purpose of critical thinking is not to attack or oppose the opinions of others; nor is critical thinking to find arguments and arguments to verify one's own point of view. Critical thinking questioning, inquiring in order to get the truth. Therefore, if after rational thinking, there are sufficient and sufficient arguments to prove that your original point of view is wrong, you should also accept it readily.
How to think critically? Critical thinking can be broken down into 4 basic steps:
- Take the first reaction to anyone or something as tentative and don't accept it; 2. Judge why you have such a reaction; 3. Consider whether you have other possible reactions to this person or thing; 4. Ask yourself if there is a more appropriate response than the first one. The memories and opinions that we firmly believe are sometimes turned out to be wrong. There are many reasons for the error: it may be a misattribution (see Chapter 3, "Understanding Cause and Effect" for details); Information that has been distorted (see Chapter 4, "How to "Know"); possibly confusing "likes" and "opinions" (see Chapter 5, "How Good Your Opinion is").
Beyond Feelings: Thinking Critically
In the third and fourth steps, it will inevitably involve: a. Collecting data and forming conclusions, what kinds of arguments are there, and what problems may exist in each? How to evaluate arguments? (See Chapter 6 "What is an Argument"); b. Is the argument convincing? (See Chapter 7, "What is an Argument?") At the same time, this book also provides information on how to express judgment and how to persuade others.
Prepare in advance. Consider your existing knowledge and take the time to expand your knowledge. Try to anticipate the different viewpoints that may arise and analyze their pros and cons. 2. Set reasonable expectations. Few people can change their opinion in the short term, especially when speaking in public. In the face of doubt, it is best to respond gracefully. 3. Ditch egocentricity and personal agendas. Personality can easily lead to reluctance to listen to others' opinions or personal attacks.
Works but doesn't dominate everything. Talkative people need more restraint, and temperate people need to take responsibility for expressing their opinions. 5. Avoid distracting speech habits. A sudden change of topic or ummmmm can easily interrupt other people's thoughts. 6. Actively listen. Work on getting into the speaker's frame of mind, understanding each sentence, and connecting it up and down.
Responsible judgment thinking. Be especially wary of unfamiliar or dissenting views, which are the easiest to reject impartially heard. 8. Resist the urge to shout or interrupt. Set yourself a rule: don't express dissent in an irresistible way.